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Abele, S.E., S.E. Macdonald, J.R. Spence.  2014. Cover type, environmental characteristics and conservation of terrestrial gastropod diversity in boreal mixedwood forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research  44: 36–44. doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0210

Amos, J. J.  2019. Habitat use in undisturbed forest and the effect of variable retention harvesting on pollinator assemblages (Apoidea, Syrphidae) in the boreal borest of Alberta. MSc Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta. 

Bartels, S.F., R.T. Caners, J. Ogilvie, B. White, S.E. Macdonald.  2018. Relating bryophyte assemblages to remotely-sensed depth-to-water in boreal mixedwood forest. Frontiers in Plant Science 9: article 858. doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00858

Bartels, S.F., R. James, R. Caners, S.E. Macdonald.  2019. Depth-to-water mediates bryophyte response to harvesting in boreal forests. Journal of Applied Ecology 56: 1256-1266. doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13359

Bartels, S.F., S.E. Macdonald.  2023. Dynamics and recovery of forest understory biodiversity over 17 years following varying levels of retention harvesting. Journal of Applied Ecology 60: 725-736. doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14366

Bartels, S.F., S.E. Macdonald, D. Johnson, R.T. Caners, J.R. Spence.  2018. Bryophyte abundance, diversity, and composition after retention harvest in boreal mixedwood forest: evidence from the EMEND experiment. Journal of Applied Ecology 55: 947-957. doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12999

Bergeron, C. 2012. Fire history, landscape biodiversity and indicators for sustainable management of the boreal mixedwood forest. PhD Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

Bergeron, J.A.C., J. Pinzon, S. Odsen, S. Bartels, S.E. Macdonald, J.R. Spence.  2017. Ecosystem memory of wildfires affects multi-taxa biodiversity resilience in boreal mixedwood forest after retention harvest. Oikos 12: 1738-1747. doi.org/10.1111/oik.04208

Bergeron, C.J.A., J.R. Spence, W.J.A. Volney. 2011. Landscape patterns of species-level association between ground-beetles and overstory trees in boreal forests of western Canada (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147: 577-600. doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.2098

Bergeron, J.A.C., J.R. Spence, W.J.A. Volney, J. Pinzon, D.J. Hartley.  2013. Effect of habitat type and pitfall trap installation on captures of epigeaic arthropod assemblages in the boreal forest. The Canadian Entomologist, 145(5): 547-565. doi.org/10.4039/tce.2013.38 

Blanchet, F.G., J.C. Bergeron, J.R. Spence, F. He. 2013. Landscape effects of disturbance, habitat heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation for a ground beetle (Carabidae) assemblage in mature boreal forest. Ecography 36(5): 636-647. doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07762.x

Blanchet, F.G., P. Legendre, J.C. Bergeron, F. He. 2014. Consensus RDA across dissimilarity coefficients for canonical ordination of community composition data. Ecological Monographs, 84(3): 491-511. doi.org/10.1890/13-0648.1

Bodeux, B.B.  2012. Impacts of aggregated retention harvesting on the diversity patterns of nocturnal moth species assemblages in the mixedwood boreal forest of northwestern Alberta. MSc Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

Bourassa, S., C.M. Wood. 2011. First record of Diacheila arctica amoena (Faldermann) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Alberta, Canada. Coleopterists Bulletin, 65(2): 144-145. doi.org/10.1649/072.065.0209

Buddle, C., D. Shorthouse.  2008. Effects of experimental harvesting on spider (Araneae) assemblages in boreal deciduous forests. Canadian Entomologist 140: 437-452. doi.org/10.4039/n07-LS01

Caners, R. T.  2010. Conservation and ecology of bryophytes in partially harvested boreal mixed-wood forests of west-central Canada. PhD Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

Caners, R., S.E. Macdonald, R. Belland.  2009. Recolonization potential of bryophyte diaspore banks in harvested mixedwood boreal forest. Plant Ecology 204: 55-68. doi.org/10.1007/s11258-008-9565-0

Caners, R., S.E. Macdonald, R. Belland.  2010. Responses of boreal epiphytic bryophytes to different levels of partial canopy harvesting. Botany 88: 315-328. doi.org/10.1139/B09-089

Caners, R.T., S. E. Macdonald, R.J. Belland.  2013. Linking the biological traits of boreal bryophytes to forest habitat change after partial harvesting. Forest Ecology & Management  303: 184-194. doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.04.019

Caners, R.T., S. E. Macdonald, R. J. Belland.  2013. Bryophyte assemblage structure after partial harvesting in boreal mixedwood forest depends on residual canopy abundance and composition. Forest Ecology & Management 289: 489-500. doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.09.044

Cardou, F., A. Munson, L. Boisvert-Marsh, M. Anand, A. Arsenault, W. Bell, Y. Bergeron, I. Boulangeat, S. Delagrange, N. Fenton, D. Gravel, B. Hamel, F. Hébert, J. Johnstone, B. Kumordzi, S.E. Macdonald,  A. Mallik, A. McIntosh, J. McLaren, C. Messier, D. Morris, J.W. Shipley, L. Sirois, N. Thiffault, I. Aubin.  2022. Above- and belowground drivers of intraspecific trait variability across subcontinental gradients for five ubiquitous forest plants in North America. Journal of Ecology 110: 1590-1605. doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13894

Cartar, R. 2005. Short-term effects of experimental boreal forest logging disturbance on bumble bees, bumble bee-pollinated flowers and the bee-flower match. Biodiversity and Conservation 14: 1895-1907. doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-2120-y

Chavez Varela, V. 2010. Patterns and causes of variation in understory plant diversity and composition in mature boreal mixedwood forest stands of western Canada. PhD Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

Chavez, V., S.E. Macdonald.  2010. Understory species interactions in mature boreal understory plant communities. Botany 88: 912-922. doi.org/10.1139/B10-062

Chavez, V., S.E. Macdonald.  2010. The influence of canopy patch mosaics on understory plant community composition in boreal mixedwood forest. Forest Ecology & Management 259: 1067-1075. doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.12.013

Chavez, V., S.E. Macdonald.  2012. Partitioning vascular understory diversity in boreal mixedwood forests: the importance of mixed canopies for diversity conservation. Forest Ecology & Management 271: 19-26. doi.org/j.foreco.2011.12.038

Craig, A.  2008. The effects of variable retention harvesting on understory vegetation in the mixedwood boreal forest in northwestern Alberta. MSc Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta. 

Craig, A., S.E. Macdonald.  2009. Threshold effects of variable retention harvesting on understory plant communities in the boreal mixedwood forest. Forest Ecology & Management 258: 2619-2627. doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.09.019

Cuthbertson, L. 2005. The ecology of Armillaria sinapina in mixedwood forests of north-western, Alberta, Canada. MSc Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta. 

Diaz-Aguilar, I.  2013. Structure, composition and trophic ecology of forest floor predatory mites (Mesostigmata) from the boreal mixedwood forest of northwestern Alberta. PhD Thesis,  Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

Diaz-Aguilar, I., S.A. Quideau, H.C. Proctor, B.E. Kishchuk, J.R. Spence.  2013. Influence of stand composition on predatory mite (Mesostigmata) assemblages from the forest floor in western Canadian boreal mixedwood forests. Forest Ecology & Management 309: 105-114. doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.029

Diaz-Aguilar, I., Z. Ujvari.  2010. New zerconid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Zerconidae) from Canada, with a review of the genus Mixozercon Halašková, 1963. Zootaxa 2555: 1–29. doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2555.1.1

Domahidi, Z. 2018. Distribution and breeding ecology of boreal and northern saw-whet owls in the Boreal forests of Alberta, Canada. MSc Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

Domahidi, Z., S.E. Nielsen, E.M. Bayne. 2020. Boreal owl (Aegolius funereus) and Northern saw-whet owl (Aegolius acadicus) breeding records in managed boreal forests. The Canadian Field Naturalist. 134(2): 125-131. doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v134i2.2146

Echiverri, L.F.I.  2017. Identifying understory diversity and resilience patterns with the depthto-water index in boreal mixedwood forests. MSc Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

Echiverri, L., S.E. Macdonald. 2019. Utilizing a topographic moisture index to characterize understory vegetation patterns in the boreal forest. Forest Ecology & Management  447: 35-52. doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.05.054

Echiverri, L., S.E. Macdonald.  2020. A topographic moisture index explains understory vegetation response to retention harvesting. Forest Ecology & Management  474: article 118358. doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118358

Fedrowitz, K., J. Koricheva, S.C. Baker, D.B. Lindenmayer, B. Palik, P. Rosenbald, W. Beese, J.F. Franklin, J. Kouki, E. Macdonald, C. Messier, A. Sverdrup-Thygeson, L. Gustafsson.  2014. Can retention forestry help conserve biodiversity? A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Ecology 51: 1669-1679. doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12289 

Fenniak, T.  2001. Response of environmental variables and understory vegetation to various intensities of harvesting at the EMEND site, northern Alberta. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta. 

Franklin, C. 2018. Effectiveness of retention harvesting for biodiversity conservation: Evidence for understory vegetation and wildlife. PhD Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

Franklin, C., S.E. Macdonald, S.E. Nielsen.  2018. Combining aggregated and dispersed green-tree retention harvesting for conservation of vascular plant communities. Ecological Applications 28(7): 1830-1840. doi.org/10.1002/eap.1774

Franklin, C., S.E. Macdonald, S.E. Nielsen.  2019. Can retention harvests help conserve wildlife? Evidence for vertebrate species in the boreal forest. Ecosphere doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2632

Franklin, C., S.E. Nielsen, S.E. Macdonald.  2019. Understory vascular plant responses to retention harvesting with and without prescribed fire. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49: 1087-1100. doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0288

Garcia-Tejero, S., J.R. Spence, J. O’Halloran, S. Bourassa, A. Oxbrough. 2018. Natural succession and clearcutting as drivers of environmental heterogeneity and beta diversity in North American boreal forests. PLoS One, 13(11), e0206931. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206931

Harrison, B. 2002. Stand-level response of boreal forest songbirds to experimental partial-cut harvest in northwestern Alberta. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

Harrison, B., F.K.A. Schmiegelow, R. Naidoo.  2005. Stand-level response of breeding forest songbirds to multiple levels of partial-cut harvest in four boreal forest types. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 1553-1567. doi.org/10.1139/x05-076

He, F., D.L. Tang. 2008. Estimating the niche preemption parameter of the geometric series. Acta Oecologica 33:105-107. doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2007.10.001

Hogberg, L., K. Patriquin, R. Barclay.  2002. Use by bats of patches of residual trees in logged areas of the boreal forest. American Midland Naturalist 148: 282-288. www.jstor.org/stable/3083132

Jacobs, J. 2004. Saproxylic beetle assemblages in the boreal mixedwood of Alberta: succession, wildfire and variable retention forestry. MSc Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

Jacobs, J.M., C.J.A. Bergeron, T.T. Work, J.R. Spence. 2011. Low intensity surface fire instigates movement by adults of Calosoma frigidum (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147: 641-649. doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.2084

Jacobs, J.M., J.R. Spence, D.W. Langor.  2007. Influence of boreal forest succession and dead wood qualities on saproxylic beetles. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 9: 3-16. doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-9563.2006.00310.x

Jacobs, J.M., J.R. Spence, D.W. Langor.  2007. Variable retention harvest of white spruce stands and saproxylic beetle assemblages. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37:1631-1642. doi.org/10.1139/X07-020

Jacobs, J.M., T.T. Work, J.R. Spence, L. Penev, T. Erwin, T. Assmann. 2008. Influences of succession and harvest intensity on ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) populations in the boreal mixed-wood forests of Alberta, Canada: species matter. Back to the Roots and Back to the Future: Towards a New Synthesis Amongst Taxonomic, Ecological and Biogeographical Approaches in Carabidology, Proceedings of the XIII European Carabidologists Meeting, Blagoevgrad, Aug. 202-24, 2007; pp. 425-450.

Kamunya, E.W.  2012. Conservation of boreal moth communities in the mixedwood boreal forests of northwestern Alberta: Impacts of green tree retention and slash-burning. MSc Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

Kembel, Steve W. 2001. Small-scale spatial patterns of boreal mixedwood forest vegetation. MSc Thesis, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta. 

Kembel, S.W., M.R.T. Dale.  2006. Within-stand spatial structure and relation of boreal canopy and understorey vegetation. Journal of Vegetation Science 17: 783-790. doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2006.tb02501.x

Kumordzi, B., I. Aubin, F. Cardou, B. Shipley, C. Violle, J. Johnstone, M. Anand, A. Arsenault, W. Bell, Y. Bergeron, I. Boulangeat, M. Brousseau, L. de Grandpré, S. Delagrange, N. Fenton, D. Gravel, S.E. Macdonald, B. Hamel, M. Higelin, F. Hebert, N. Isabel, A. Mallik, A. McIntosh, J. McLaren, C. Messier, D. Morris, N. Thiffault, J.-P. Tremblay, A. Munson.  2019. Geographic scale and disturbance influence intraspecific trait variability in leaves and roots of North American understory plants. Functional Ecology 33: 1771-1784. doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13402

Langor, D.W., H.E.J. Hammond, J.R. Spence, J. Jacobs, T. Cobb.  2008. Saproxylic insect assemblages in Canadian forests: diversity, ecology, and conservation. Canadian Entomologist 140: 453-474. doi.org/10.4039/n07-LS02

Lazaruk, L.W.  2002. The impact of harvesting practices on the biodiversity of Picea glauca ectomycorrhizae. MSc Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

Lazaruk, L.W., G. Kernaghan, S.E. Macdonald, D. Khasa.  2005. The effects of partial cutting on the ectomycorrhizae of Picea glauca in northwestern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 1442-1454. doi.org/10.1139/x05-062

Lee, S-II. 2016. Influence of variable retention and deadwood characteristics on saproxylic beetles in boreal white spruce stands. PhD Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources,  University of Alberta.

Lee, S-I., D.W. Langor, J. Pinzon, G.R. Pohl, J.R. Spence, D.J. Hartley, T.T. Work, L. Wu.  2023. Rapid recovery of rove beetle (Staphylinidae) assemblages 16 years after variable retention harvest in the boreal mixedwood forest of western Canada. Ecological Applications, 2023(1), e06347. doi.org/10.1111/ecog.06347

Lee, S-II., J.R. Spence, D.W. Langor, J. Pinzon. 2015. Retention patch size and conservation of saproxylic beetles in boreal white spruce stands. Forest Ecology & Management. 358: 98-107. doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.002

Lee, S-II., J.R. Spence, D.W. Langor.  2017. Combinations of aggregated and dispersed retention improved conservation of saproxylic beetles in boreal white spruce stand. Forest Ecology & Management 385: 116-126. doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.11.032

Lee, S-Il., J.R. Spence, D.W. Langor. 2018. Early colonization of white spruce deadwood by saproxylic beetles in aggregated and dispersed retention. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48: 1503-1514. doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0104

Lindo, Z., S. Visser.  2004. Forest floor microarthropod abundance and oribatid mite (Acari: Orbatida) composition following partial and clear-cut harvesting in the mixedwood boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34:998-1006. doi.org/10.1139/X03-284

Longpré, F. 2011. Les effets des coupes forestières sur la diète des coléoptères en forêt boréale mixte MSc Thesis, Université du Québec en Montréal. 

Macdonald, S.E., T.E. Fenniak.  2007. Understory plant communities of boreal mixedwood forests in western Canada: natural patterns and response to variable-retention harvesting. Forest Ecology & Management 242: 34-48. doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.029

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Mills, S.E., S.E. Macdonald.  2004. Predictors of moss and liverwort species diversity of microsites in conifer-dominated boreal forest. Journal of Vegetation Science 15: 189-198. doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02254.x

Mills, S.E., S.E. Macdonald.  2005. Factors influencing bryophyte assemblage at different scales in the western Canadian boreal forest. The Bryologist 108: 86-101. doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2005)108[86:FIBAAD]2.0.CO;2

Morneau, L.  2002. Partial cutting impacts on moths and lepidopteran defoliators in a boreal mixedwood forest of Alberta. MSc Thesis, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta. 

Odsen S.G., J. Pinzon, F.K.A. Schmiegelow, J.H. Acorn, J.R. Spence.  2018. Boreal songbirds and variable retention management: a 15-year perspective on avian conservation and forestry. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 48:1495-1502. doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0203

Oxbrough, A., J. Pinzon. 2019. Advances in understanding forest ecosystem services: conserving biodiversity. In: J. A. Stanturf (Ed.), Achieving sustainable management of boreal and temperate forests. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, pp. 1-28.

Oxbrough, A., V. French, S. Irwin, T.C. Kelly, P. Smiddy, J. O’Halloran. 2012. Can mixed species stands enhance arthropod diversity in plantation forests? Forest Ecology & Management 270: 11-18. doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.01.006

Park, J.  2002. The effects Of resource distribution and spatial scale on the distribution of two species of bark beetle: Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) and Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). MSc Thesis, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary. 

Park, J., M.L. Reid.  2007. Distribution of a bark beetle, Trypodendron lineatum, in a harvested landscape. Forest Ecology & Management 242: 236-242. doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.042

Patriquin, K.  2001. Ecology of a bat community in harvested boreal forest in northwestern Alberta. MSc Thesis, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary.

Patriquin, K., R. Barclay.  2003. Foraging by bats in cleared, thinned and unharvested boreal forest. Journal of Applied Ecology 40: 646-657. doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00831.x

Patriquin, K., L.K. Hogberg, B.J. Chruszcz, R.M.R. Barclay.  2003. The influence of habitat structure on the ability to detect ultrasound using bat detectors. Wildlife Society Bulletin 2003, 31(2): 475-48. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3784327

Pengelly, C.J., R.V. Cartar. 2010. Effects of variable retention logging in the boreal forest on the bumble bee-influenced pollination community, evaluated 8–9 years post-logging. Forest Ecology & Management 260(6): 994-1002. doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.06.020

Pengelly, C.J., R.V. Cartar. 2011. Effect of boreal forest logging on nectar production of four understory herbs. Forest Ecology & Management 261(11): 2068-2074. doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.02.032

Pinzon, J. 2011. Composition and structure of spider assemblages in layers of the mixedwood boreal forest after variable retention harvest. PhD Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

Pinzon, J.  2011. Arañas en el bosque boreal: Imitando disturbios naturales como técnica de manejo sostenible (Spiders in the mixedwood boreal forest: Sustainable forest management by emulating natural disturbances). In: Flórez, E. & Perafán, C. (Eds.), Memorias III Congreso Latinoamericano de Aracnología. Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología, Sistecrom Ltda, pp. 24-34.

Pinzon, J., J.R. Spence.  2013. Modelos de distribución de especies y hotspots de biodiversidad (Species distribution models and biodiversity hotspots). In: D. Rueda-Ramírez, E. Torrado-León & E.H.  Becerra, Memorias Congreso Colombiano de Entomología. 40 Congreso Socolen. Sociedad Colombiana, Bogotá, pp. 281-293.

Pinzon, J., J.R. Spence. 2008. Performance of two arboreal pitfall trap designs in sampling cursorial spiders from tree trunks. Journal of Arachnology 36:280-286. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25434288

Pinzon, J., J.R. Spence. 2010. Bark-dwelling spider assemblages (Araneae) in the boreal forest: dominance, diversity, composition and life-histories. Journal of Insect Conservation 14:439-458. doi.org/10.1007/s10841-010-9273-7

Pinzon, J., J.R. Spence, D.W. Langor.  2013. Diversity, richness and abundance patterns of spider assemblages in white spruce stands. The Canadian Entomologist 145(1):61-76. doi.org/10.4039/tce.2012.93

Pinzon, J., J.R. Spence, D.W. Langor. 2011. Spider assemblages in the overstory, understory, and ground layers of managed stands in the western boreal mixedwood forest of Canada. Environmental Entomology 40:797-808. doi.org/10.1603/en11081

Pinzon, J., J.R. Spence, D.W. Langor.  2012. Responses of ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae) to variable retention harvesting practices in the boreal forest. Forest Ecology & Management 266:42-53 doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.10.045

Pinzon, J., J.R. Spence, D.W. Langor. 2013. Effects of prescribed burning and harvesting on ground-dwelling spiders in the Canadian boreal mixedwood forest. Biodiversity & Conservation 22:1513-1536. doi.org/10.1007/s10531-013-0489-1

Pinzon, J., J.R. Spence, D.W. Langor, D.P. Shorthouse.  2016. Ten‐year responses of ground‐dwelling spiders to retention harvest in the boreal forest. Ecological Applications 26: 2579-2597. doi.org/10.1002/eap.1387

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Pyper, M.P. 2009. Retention patch characteristics and ground dwelling beetle diversity: implications for natural disturbance-based management. MSc Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

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Robinson, M.P. 2016. Reproduction and abundance of the wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) in post-harvest variable retention forests. MSc Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

Robinson, M., S.E. Nielsen, B. Eaton, C. Paszkowski. 2022. Effect of variable retention forestry on wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in early successional boreal mixedwood forests. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 101(3): 172-188. doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2022-0062

Schwarzfeld, M.D. 2013. Systematics and diversity of Ichneumonidae, with an emphasis on the taxonomically neglected genus Ophion Fabricius. PhD Thesis, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta.

Spence, J.R.  2001. The new boreal forestry: adjusting timber management to accommodate biodiversity. Trends in Ecology and Evoloution. 16: 591-593. doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5347(01)02335-7

Spence, J.R., J.A.C. Bergeron, J. Pinzon.  2020. Large-scale projects in support of education in forest science and management: the example of the EMEND Project. In: F. Krumm, A. Schuck & A. Rigling (Eds.), How to balance forestry and biodiversity conservation. European Forest Institute (EFI), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmendorf, pp. 434-439.

Spence, J.R., D.W. Langor, J.M. Jacobs, T.T. Work, W.J.A. Volney.  2008. Conservation of forest-dwelling arthropod species: simultaneous management of many small and heterogeneous risks. Canadian Journal of Entomology 140: 510-525. doi.org/10.4039/n07-LS05

Wesley, J. 2002. The impacts of variable retention harvesting on spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) and canopy-dwelling Lepidopteran parasitoids in the boreal forest. MSc Thesis, Department of biological Sciences, University of Alberta.

Wesley, J., D.J.M. Williams, D.W. Langor,  J.R. Spence.  2006. Spruce beetle (Coleopetera: Scolytidae) parasitoids: cephalic morphology of larvae and a key to species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Pteromalidae). The Canadian Entomologist 138: 87-90. doi.org/10.4039/n05-045

Wood, C.M.  2012. Saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) associated with aspen deadwood in broad-leaved boreal mixedwood stands. MSc Thesis,  Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

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Lindo, Z.  2003. Forest floor properties, nutrient cycling processes, and microarthropod populations in conifer and deciduous stands of the mixed-wood boreal forest following partial and clear-cut harvesting. MSc Thesis, University of Calgary.

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